Remediation and Optimisation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Degradation in Contaminated Water by Persulfate Activated with Bagasse Biochar-Supported Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron

In this study, biochar (BC) was prepared from bagasse and then successfully loaded with nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) to produce BC-supported nZVI, termed nZVI@BC. Satisfactory results were obtained using a nZVI@BC-activated persulfate (PS), nZVI@BC/PS, remediate total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH)-contaminated water. The effects of three influencing factors—the dosage nZVI@BC, DnZVI@BC, the concentration PS, CPS, initial pH, pHi—on TPH removal examined through single-factor batch tests. show following. Each factor considerably influenced performance nZVI@BC/PS reaction system in removing TPH. degradation process conformed first-order kinetic model. response surface method (RSM) used tandem Box–Behnken design optimise variables involved degradation. (i.e., pHi) set range 0.4–1.0 g/L, 20–160 2.21–9.42, respectively, during experiment. An optimised quadratic model fit experimental data displayed high level significance (p < 0.0001) very regression value (R2 = 0.9906; adjusted R2 0.9786). Analyses variance revealed that sufficiently explains rate. electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analysis SO4?·, ·OH, O2?·, 1O2 participated activation processes. study PS systems possess great potential for applications TPH-contaminated wastewater treatment environmentally sustainable development.